1797-1802  

Polish Legions in French Service

1807-1815  

Duchy of Warsaw

1815  

Congress Kingdom of Poland formed (suspended 1832-61, abolished 1874)

1815  

Grand Duchy of Poznan formed (abolished 1848)

1815  

Republic of Cracow formed (abolished 1846)

1830-1831  

November Rising: Russo-Polish War: Great Emigration

1846  

Galician Jacquerie: Cracow Revolution

1848  

Poznanian Rising: emancipation of serfs in Austria

1855  

Death of Adam Mickiewicz

1861-1863  

Administration of Alexander Wielopolski in Congress Kingdom

1863-1864  

January Rising: final abolition of serfdom (1864) in Russian Poland

1867  

Galician Autonomy established (to 1918)

1872  

Polish Academy of Sciences founded in Cracow

1905-1907  

Revolution in Russian Poland

1914  

Emergence of Pilsudski's Polish Legions (disbanded 1917)

1915  

Russian occupation ended by German victory on Eastern Front

1916  

Restoration of Kingdom of Poland by Germany

1917  

President Wilson's Fourteen Points